GIARDIASIS is an intestinal infection caused by the one-celled parasite, Giardia Lamblia. It can cause a diarrheal illness which usually has no serious complications, but it can affect the growth of young children. Giardiasis is frequently asymptomatic.

TRANSMISSION: The Giardia cyst is found in the feces (bowel movements) of infected humans and some animals. People are infected when they ingest the cysts after handling feces or feces-contaminated objects. Transmission frequently occurs when parents diaper an infant and then fail to wash their hands. Other potential sources of infection include common family pets, contaminated surface water, such as creeks or storm drainage, and occasionally swimming pools, since normal chlorination does not destroy the cysts.

SYMPTOMS: Many people with Giardia do not get sick, but young children are more likely than adults to have symptoms. These symptoms are foul-smelling diarrhea, abdominal pain and/or cramps, gas, bloating and nausea. General weakness and lack of appetite may also occur and diarrhea can alternate with constipation.

INCUBATION: The period of time between ingestion of Giardia cysts and the onset of symptoms ranges from one to three weeks.

COMMUNICABILITY: Within a week or two after ingestion of Giardia, people can infect others. Since most adults and older children have no symptoms and go untreated, they are likely to remain infected and communicable for at least four to six weeks.

DIAGNOSIS: Laboratory examination of stool specimens is the most reliable way to detect Giardia. Close personal contacts may want to be tested.

TREATMENT: One of three drugs may be prescribed for Giardia: quinacrine (Atabrine), furazolidone (Furoxone) or metronidazole (Flagyl). Furoxone is recommended for young children because it is easiest to take and HAS fewer side effects.

PREVENTION: There is a simple, yet extremely effective way to protect oneself from Giardia - GOOD HANDWASHING. Since most cases of Giardia in Texas are passed from person to person via hand-to-mouth contact, careful hygiene at home and day care centers is the most important preventive measure anyone can take.